World's Top 300 Greatest Artists, Painters & Sculptors

"I think that art is really disciplined phantasy." - Karen Blixen / Isak Dinesen.

"You don't need brains to be a painter, just feelings." - L. S. Lowry.

"A work of Art is the unique result of a unique temperament." - Oscar Wilde.

"The true work of art is but a shadow of the divine perfection." - Michelangelo.

"Love of beauty is Taste. The creation of beauty is Art." - Ralph Waldo Emerson.

"There's no retirement for an artist, it's your way of living so there's no end to it." - Henry Moore.

"A good painting has originality and a bad one simply repeats the ideas of others." - Peggy Guggenheim.

PAINTING is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface (support base). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and airbrushes, can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. However, painting is also used outside of art as a common trade among craftsmen and builders. Paintings may have for their support such surfaces as walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, clay, leaf, copper or concrete, and may incorporate multiple other materials including sand, clay, paper, gold leaf as well as objects.

Painting is a mode of creative expression, and the forms are numerous. Drawing, composition or abstraction and other aesthetics may serve to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner. Paintings can be naturalistic and representational (as in a still life or landscape painting), photographic, abstract, be loaded with narrative content, symbolism, emotion or be political in nature.

SCULPTURE is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions, and one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since modernism, shifts in sculptural process led to an almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or cast.

Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely. However, most ancient sculpture was brightly painted, and this has been lost.

Sculpture has been central in religious devotion in many cultures, and until recent centuries large sculptures, too expensive for private individuals to create, were usually an expression of religion or politics. Those cultures whose sculptures have survived in quantities include the cultures of the Ancient Mediterranean, India and China, as well as many in South America and Africa.

The Western tradition of sculpture began in Ancient Greece, and Greece is widely seen as producing great masterpieces in the classical period. During the Middle Ages, Gothic sculpture represented the agonies and passions of the Christian faith. The revival of classical models in the Renaissance produced famous sculptures such as Michelangelo's David. Modernist sculpture moved away from traditional processes and the emphasis on the depiction of the human body, with the making of constructed sculpture, and the presentation of found objects as finished art works.

MASTERPIECE (or chef d'œuvre) in modern use refers to a creation that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career or to a work of outstanding creativity, skill, or workmanship. Historically, the word refers to a work of a very high standard produced in order to obtain membership of a Guild or Academy.

Painters & Sculptors - News, Reviews & Resources

• $1B feud involving Leonardo's 'Salvator Mundi' reveals dark side of the art world - "It is the biggest legal fight the art world has ever witnessed: a Russian oligarch, who claims he was ripped off buying multi-million-dollar masterpieces, versus a Swiss art dealer who says it was just business."
• 3D reconstruction of Raphael’s face proves he was buried at Pantheon, say experts - "Researchers at Rome university compared portraits with a plaster cast of the artist’s skull."
• 5 famous artworks that were accidentally hung upside-down - "Art will always inspire and provoke, but it also continues to baffle and confound. To kick off the New Year, we look at some of the lighter examples of a world turned upside-down, with even some of the most experienced curators not quite getting the hang of it."
• 5 hidden symbols in Vermeer's paintings - "A major new Vermeer exhibition at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam displays the artist's evocative and serene paintings of daily life - but they harbour secret, symbolic messages."
• 8 artworks make us question value of art - "When Maurizio Cattelan taped a banana to a wall and priced it at $120,000, he sparked an age-old debate about what constitutes art."
• 9-Figure Club - work of art sold at auction or private sale for US$100,000,000+.
• 10 best love paintings - The Guardian.
• 10 most famous paintings in the world - "As 'famous' is a subjective term, CNN Style turned to Google to see which paintings topped search results worldwide over the past five years."
• 10 romantic paintings that stir feelings of love - "Whether it's couples locked in a tender embrace or a still-life with sensuous qualities, classic oil paintings can have an enduring appeal. And throughout history, artists have used such works to capture the beauty and passion of love."
• 15 Famous Impressionist Paintings That Will Make You Fall in Love With the Style - "Most of art history can be traced to the formation of different art movements. From the drama of the Baroque to the emotion of Romanticism, these movements reflect the views of the time. Then, in the 1870s, a new revolutionary style emerged, called Impressionism."
• 15 richest living artists - Complex | Art+Design.
• 20 Famous Artists Everyone Should Know, From Leonardo da Vinci to Frida Kahlo - "Museums and textbooks are full of names of artists who've left their mark in history. Certain names, however, still stand out from the rest. Whether it is through their distinctive style, their participance in a pivotal art movement, or their eccentric life, these artists have achieved astounding fame. And while these creatives are well-known in popular culture now, many of them were not recognized for their talents until decades after their death."
• $120,000 Banana Is Peeled From an Art Exhibition & Eaten - "As people watched, a prankster removed the banana, which was taped to a wall at Art Basel in Miami Beach."
• A cultural history of the 'nude selfie' - "As a new book is released exploring the modern, smartphone-facilitated phenomenon of 'sending nudes', Holly Williams reflects on the lineage of naked self-representation it continues."
• A New Brushstroke Analysis Reveals Vermeer Was Not the Painstaking Perfectionist Art Historians Long Thought - "Experts at the National Gallery of Art discovered underpaintings on two of the artist’s canvases."/li>
• A Painting Made by Artificial Intelligence Has Been Sold at Auction for $432,500 - "An artwork made by an artificial intelligence program sold at a Christie’s auction for $432,500, nearly 45 times its high estimate."
• A painting valued at $15,000 turned out to be by Rembrandt. Now it has sold for almost $14 million - "'Adoration of the Kings' had been virtually unseen since the 1950s, when it first came to light. It was acquired by collector J.C.H. Heldring in Amsterdam in 1955. His widow sold it to a German family in 1985, where it remained until it was sold by Christie’s in Amsterdam two years ago."
• A Parisian landmark is cloaked from view - "After three months of construction work at Paris' famed Arc de Triomphe, the 160-foot-tall war monument has been completely concealed. The landmark, built during Napoleon's reign, has been outfitted in 270,000 square feet of silver-blue polypropylene fabric bound with red ropes. Encasing the Arc de Triomphe in cloth was a longstanding vision of the late artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude."
• Abstract expressionism - post–World War II art movement in American painting, developed in New York in the 1940s. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve international influence and put New York City at the center of the western art world, a role formerly filled by Paris.
• Academic art - Wikipedia.
• Adolf Hitler the artist: 16 Watercolours & drawings sold at auction - The Telegraph.
• AI Detects Mysterious Detail Hidden in Famous Raphael Masterpiece - "Artificial intelligence (AI) can be trained to see details in images that escape the human eye. Now an AI neural network has identified something unusual about a face in a Raphael painting: It wasn't actually painted by Raphael."
• AI recreates the painting techniques of famous artists - "It's as close as you'll get to seeing a masterpiece in progress."
• Ai Weiwei & Warhol, Together Again - The New York Times.
• Ai Weiwei recreates Monet's water lilies using 650,000 Lego pieces - "When the Chinese artist Ai Weiwei opens his new show in April, visitors will encounter a familiar scene at London's Design Museum: Claude Monet's famed water lilies. But rather than being composed of the French painter's Impressionist brushstrokes, the monumental recreation is made from the studs of Lego bricks - a whopping 650,000 of them in 22 different colors."
• 'Allo 'Allo's Fallen Madonna sells for £15,000 at auction - "The Fallen Madonna with the Big Boobies was supposedly painted by fictional artist Van Clomp."
• Ancient Egypt's spellbinding mummy portraits - "Unraveling the mysteries of ancient Egypt's spellbinding mummy portraits."
• Andy Warhol: Campbell’s Soup Cans - Andy Warhol’s Soup Cans have become synonymous with the Pop art movement, and are responsible for propelling Warhol into a celebrated career in fine art from his day job as a comic illustrator. The motif made its debut in 1962 when Warhol mounted his first solo show featuring 32 canvases painted with Campbell’s Soup Cans - one for each flavor the company sold at the time.
• Andy Warhol car crash artwork sells for 'monumental' $85.4 million - "'White Disaster (White Car Crash 19 Times),' a colossal image from the artist's 'Death and Disaster' series, fetched $85.4 million at Sotheby's in New York, a sum the auction house described as 'monumental.'"
• Andy Warhol portrait of Marilyn Monroe fetches a record $195 million - "One of Andy Warhol's iconic Marilyn Monroe portraits has become the most expensive 20th-century artwork ever to go under the hammer. The 40-square-inch 'Shot Sage Blue Marilyn,' one of dozens of images the artist made of Monroe in the 1960s, sold for a record $195 million at Christie's in New York Monday evening."
• Andy Warhol Said He Came From ‘Nowhere.’ This Is It - The New York Times.
• Angelina Jolie sells Winston Churchill painting for record £7m - "The sale price was almost four times the top pre-sale estimate and beat the previous record for a Churchill painting, which was just under £1.8m. The Tower Of The Koutoubia Mosque, painted in Marrakesh during World War Two, was sold to an anonymous buyer."
• ART - Wikipedia.
• art detective who hunts stolen Picassos & lost Matisses - "Christopher Marinello has spent three decades finding missing masterpieces, recovering half a billion dollars’ worth of art. He talks about threats from mobsters, tricky negotiations - and bungling thieves."
• art in museums stimulates brain much more than reprints, study finds - "Scientists in Netherlands using eye-tracking and MRI scans found ‘enormous difference’ between genuine works and posters."
• Art Quiz: Are You Smarter Than a Billionaire? - The New York Times.
• ART REVIEW
• ARTIST - Wikipedia.
• Artistic giant Michelangelo was actually quite short - "A new analysis of the artist's shoes revealed his small stature."
• ARTNET - "The Art World Online." artnet is the place to buy, sell and research fine art online. Our online Gallery Network is the largest of its kind, with over 2,200 galleries in over 250 cities worldwide, more than 166,000 artworks by over 39,000 artists from around the globe.
• Arturo Di Modica, Sculptor of the ‘Charging Bull’, Dies at 80 - "A Sicilian-born artist, he installed the artwork in Lower Manhattan without permission. The outpouring of public support persuaded the city to keep it."
• ASK ART - "The Artists' Bluebook". Online database containing over 200,000 artists. Instant information. Art. Artists. Prices.
• Assemblage - definition & explanation.
• Banksy artwork shreds itself after £1m sale at Sotheby's - "A stencil spray painting by elusive artist Banksy shredded itself after it was sold for more than £1m."
• Banksy Painting Self-Destructs After Fetching $1.4 Million at Sotheby’s - The New York Times.
• Banksy publishes video detailing auction stunt plan - "Why putting £1m through the shredder is Banksy’s greatest work. Art is being choked to death by money. The only rebellion left is for artists to bite the hands that feed them - as Banksy appears to have done on Friday night."
• Banksy shredding 'did not go to plan' - "Banksy: How Love is in the Bin's shredding did not go to plan."
• Banksy unmasked? Scientists use maths & criminology to map artist's identity - The Guardian.
• Banksy's balloon girl chosen as nation's favourite artwork - "Banksy's mural of a girl letting go of a heart-shaped balloon has been voted the nation's favourite artwork."
• Banksy's shredded artwork renamed - "Banksy's 'Girl with a Balloon', which was shredded went it went up for auction, has been renamed 'Love is in the Bin'."
• Barbizon school - part of an art movement towards Realism in art, which arose in the context of the dominant Romantic Movement of the time. The Barbizon school was active roughly from 1830 through 1870.
• Basquiat Sells for ‘Mind-Blowing’ $110.5 Million at Auction - The New York Times.
• Bernard Berenson - (1865-1959). American art historian specializing in the Renaissance. He was a major figure in pioneering art attribution and therefore establishing the market for paintings by the "Old Masters".
• Caravaggio's violent 17th Century paintings led to Goodfellas & Mean Streets - "As the record crowds flocking to see his last painting show, Caravaggio's violent life and the cinematic intensity of his work have proved to be irresistible for centuries."
• Carrara Marble, Taken to New Dimensions - The New York Times.
• Catalogue raisonnÉ - comprehensive, annotated listing of all the known artworks by an artist either in a particular medium or all media. The works are described in such a way that they may be reliably identified by third parties.
• Chiaroscuro - oil painting technique, developed during the Renaissance, that uses strong tonal contrasts between light and dark to model three-dimensional forms, often to dramatic effect.
• Christie’s auctions 'first digital-only artwork' for $70m - "Digital collage by Beeple was offered with a non-fungible token to guarantee authenticity and paid for in cryptocurrency."
• Christo: an appriciation. 'His gorgeous abstractions made you gawp with disbelief' - "From a curtain across Colorado to the wrapping up of everything from the Sydney coast to the Berlin Reichstag, his grandiose art caused wonder all over the world."
• Christo Javacheff, the artist who wrapped the world - "Once a penniless painter on the boulevards of Paris, nobody did art like Christo."
• Christo’s Newest Project: Walking on Water - The New York Times.
• Christo's Wrapped Coast: how the monumental Australian work was made - and changed art history - "Australian artist Imants Tillers was among more than 100 volunteers who helped wrap 90,000 square metres of plastic fabric around a Sydney coastline in 1969. It was not the easiest job, he remembers - or the safest."
• Claude Monet: The paintings that changed the way we see London - "A new exhibition charts how Claude Monet's revolutionary, fog-shrouded visions of the Thames would 'irreversibly alter how London saw itself'."
• Collage - definition & explanation.
• collection of peggy & david rockefeller auction - Christie's.
• Conservators Uncover Marvelous Drawings Beneath Rembrandt’s ‘Night Watch,’ Revealing Changes He Made Along the Way - "An extended restoration project has also revealed some significant damage to the painting." artnet.
• Contrapposto - Italian term that means counterpoise. It is used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs.
• Could a computer ever create better art than a human? - "Last year a portrait of Edmond Belamy sold for $432,000. A bit steep, you might think, for a picture of someone you've never heard of. And you won't have heard of the artist either, as the picture was created by an algorithm drawing on a data set of 15,000 portraits painted between the 14th and 20th Centuries."
• DALL-E can now help you imagine what’s outside the frame of famous paintings - "OpenAI introduces native ‘outpainting’ for its AI image generator."
• Damien Hirst backdated at least 1,000 paintings from his NFT project, investigation reveals - "At least 1,000 Damien Hirst artworks were painted years later than claimed. Potentially thousands of signed works from Currency series were mass-produced by artist’s team after 2016, sources say."
• Damien Hirst formaldehyde animal works dated to 1990s were made in 2017 - "Three sculptures exhibited in galleries around world were artificially aged, sources claim."
• ‘Damn! This is a Caravaggio!’: the inside story of an old master found in Spain - "Art dealer Giancarlo Ciaroni attempted to buy painting listed at €1,500 for €500,000 - but discovered bewildered owners already had two offers of €3m."
• David Hockney among friends: a triumphant return to portraiture - The Guardian.
• David Hockney, Contrarian, Shifts Perspectives - The New York Times.
• David Hockney: Drawing from Life review - stripping subjects down to their gym socks - "From joyful sketches of old friends to a nude meeting with Picasso - when Hockney wields his pencil we see the undisguised truth."
• David Hockney Goes High-Tech - "The British artist has always embraced new ways of working. With an immersive digital extravaganza, he is taking that to the next level."
• David Hockney interview: ‘My era was the freest time. I now realise it’s over’ - "The artist pops in from Normandy to talk us through a show of his great paintings, discuss his old hometown Bradford becoming City of Culture - and reveal why Harry Styles was tricky to paint."
• David Hockney interview: 'Your face belongs to other people' - The Telegraph.
• David Hockney on joy, longing & spring light - "‘I’m teaching the French how to paint Normandy!’"
• David Hockney painting poised to smash auction records - "'Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures)' is set to be sold at the Christie's Post-War and Contemporary Art Evening Sale in New York on for an estimated price of $80 million."
• David Hockney Wouldn’t Paint the Queen. But He Made Her a Stained-Glass Window - The New York Times.
• David Hockney's most important landscape painting could sell for upwards of $35 million next month - "David Hockney's 1980 landscape painting "Nichols Canyon" will go on offer at the upcoming Phillips contemporary evening sale, scheduled to take place on December 7."
• David Hockney's pool painting set to sell for record amount for a living artist - "Christie’s estimates Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures) could fetch $80m."
• David Hockney's 'The Splash' sells for $29.8 million - "David Hockney painting titled 'The Splash,' a modern masterpiece that holds a spot among the 20th century's most iconic pop art images, sold for more than £23.1 million ($29.8 million) at an auction in London Tuesday evening, February 11, 2020 at Sotheby's."
• Digital NFT Art Is Booming - But at What Cost? - TIME Magazine.
• Dora Maar: how Picasso's weeping woman had the last laugh - "History remembers her as Picasso’s muse but Maar was an unflinching artist who infiltrated the surrealists’ boys club - and helped paint Guernica."
• Dozens of ‘Goyas’ are not by the master’s own hand, claims art historian - "The Spaniard’s paintings sell for millions, but a British expert now claims that many pieces attributed to him were by his assistants."
• DÜrer drawing bought for $30 at yard sale worth more than $10 million, experts say - "A 16th century drawing by one of the key figures of the German Renaissance has been valued in excess of $10 million after it was initially purchased at a yard sale for just $30 in 2017."
• Dutch researchers coax secrets from Girl with a Pearl Earring - "Although offering insights into the artist’s technique, gallery has yet to solve Vermeer’s biggest mystery."
• Early Damien Hirst artwork bought for £600 could fetch £1.8m - "Artist pays tribute to collector Robert Tibbles, who was his first customer in 1989."
• Edvard Munch: booze, bullets & breakdowns - "As a rare Munch show opens in Britain, we travel to Norway to find the forces that unleashed his macabre art - from flame-haired Medusas to primal screams."
• Enjoy the restored Night Watch, but don’t ignore the machine behind the Rembrandt - "The computer restoration of this masterpiece illustrates both the benefits and the dangers of AI."
• Essential Vermeer - since 2001. "The Essential Vermeer intends to inform, to inspire and to widen the appreciation of Vermeer’s art while stimulating the circulation of new points of view and promoting a more coordinated approach to Vermeer studies in scholarly circles."
• Europe’s great painter of loneliness - "Why Vilhelm Hammershøi’s is Europe’s great painter of loneliness. The Danish master Vilhelm Hammershøi and his sparse interiors remain an enigma. To coincide with a major new survey of his work in Paris, Cath Pound tries to unlock their mystery."
• Everything you thought about 'The Scream' is wrong - CNN style.
• Experts call for regulation after latest botched art restoration in Spain - "Immaculate Conception painting by Murillo reportedly cleaned by furniture restorer."
• Experts discover why Edvard Munch's 'The Scream' is fading - "Mystery solved: How to preserve 'The Scream,' Edvard Munch's iconic painting, for generations to come."
• Experts doubt da Vinci painted $450m Salvator Mundi - The Guardian.
• Expressionism - Wikipedia.
• Eye condition behind 'da Vinci's genius' - "A rare eye condition helped Leonardo da Vinci paint distance and depth of objects on flat surfaces with the accuracy which he became famous for, new research claims."
• 'Fake' Rembrandt came from artist's workshop and is possibly genuine - "Head of a Bearded Man revealed to be from same wood panel used for Rembrandt’s Andromeda."
• Fernando Botero: 1932-2023 - The Maestro of Volume & Monaco’s artistic gem - "In the panorama of the 20th century, where the lean and angular have so often been exalted, the voluptuous curves of Fernando Botero’s sculptures and canvases hold a unique fascination. It is with a mixture of sadness and profound respect that we bid adieu to this master of rotundity. His creations defy categorisation and stand out, quite literally, in bold relief against the flatness of much contemporary art. Despite his international renown, Botero’s relationship with the diminutive city state of Monaco remains one of the less celebrated chapters in his illustrious career. He died in Monaco on Friday, September 15, 2023."
• France & Netherlands to jointly buy rare Rembrandts - The Guardian.
• Frida Kahlo self-portrait fetches a record $34.9 million - "A self-portrait by Frida Kahlo has become the most expensive work by a Latin American artist ever to sell at auction, fetching $34.9 million in New York on Tuesday. The price achieved by the painting 'Diego y yo' ('Diego and I') more than tripled the previous record of $9.8 million, set by a work by Kahlo's husband - and the inspiration for her painting - Diego Rivera, in 2019."
• From Picasso & Hokusai's Prussian Blue to Vermeer's shade of red - "A history of art in 7 colours. Kelly Grovier traces the pigments that make up hidden layers in masterpieces - some of them toxic - from Picasso and Hokusai's Prussian Blue to Vermeer's shade of red."
• Frottage - is a surrealist and "automatic" method of creative production developed by Max Ernst.
• Gainsborough's Blue Boy: The private life of a masterpiece - "Few other paintings in art history have become such a powerful symbol of non-conformist gender identity and same-sex attraction, writes Matthew Wilson."
• Gainsborough’s Blue Boy to return to UK after 100 years - "‘Masterpiece of British art’ heads to National Gallery in London thanks to loan from gallery in California."
• gesamtkunstwerk - definition & explanation.
• Giorgione sparked a revolution in Venetian painting. But who was he? - The Telegraph.
• Giovanni Morelli - (1816-1891). Italian art critic and political figure. As an art historian, he developed the "Morellian" technique of scholarship, identifying the characteristic "hands" of painters through scrutiny of diagnostic minor details that revealed artists' scarcely conscious shorthand and conventions for portraying, for example, ears.
• Golden Ratio / Divine Proportion - in mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities. Some twentieth-century artists and architects, including Le Corbusier and Dalí, have proportioned their works to approximate the golden ratio - especially in the form of the golden rectangle, in which the ratio of the longer side to the shorter is the golden ratio - believing this proportion to be aesthetically pleasing.
• Grimes releases her debut NFT collection 'WarNymph' - "Grimes, a multi-hyphenate artist, is well known for her music and visual language. She has taken form as a simulation combining gamer fantasy, anime and manga, science fiction, apocalyptic omens, and anachronistic fashion among other genres. Her most recent series of artwork, WarNymph, is realized with her collaborator, Mac Boucher."
• Grisaille - painting executed entirely in shades of grey or of another neutral greyish colour. It is particularly used in large decorative schemes in imitation of sculpture.
• Handmade oil paintings reproductions, Museum quality oil painting reproductions - "Oil painting on canvas art, Everything we sell is 100% hand painted. We use only the finest oil paintings and best quality flax canvas."
• Hidden layer discovered in famous Rembrandt painting solves decades-old mystery - "When conservators used X-rays to peer below the varnish and paint of “The Night Watch,” they discovered something unexpected under its surface: a layer that was full of lead."
• Hidden portrait 'found under Mona Lisa', says French scientist - BBC.
• Hockney & Van Gogh: How images of nature bring us joy - "In a new BBC Culture series that explores the ways that nature inspires artists, Cath Pound looks at the paintings of the natural world that can soothe and uplift us in difficult times."
• How Andy Warhol overtook Picasso to become the most prized artist of the 20th century - "One of his portraits of Marilyn Monroe is expected to shatter records at auction next month. But was Andy Warhol just an ‘affectless hero’ of the media age? Or was he the greatest and most profound artist of his era?"
• How Banksy’s Prank Might Boost His Prices: ‘It’s a Part of Art History’ - "The enigmatic artist’s 'Girl With Balloon' sold for $1.4 million before being shredded by a rigged frame at Sotheby’s auction house in London on Friday."
• How Jonathan Yeo became Britain’s most-wanted portrait painter - "He didn’t go to art school, but royalty, supermodels and prime ministers all want Yeo to capture their likeness. So what happened when our art critic sat for him?"
• How loneliness & creativity can work together - "Artists and writers have long been drawn to solitude - but why is that, and what can we learn from them?"
• How Picasso Became Picasso - The New York Times.
• How the Impressionists Became the World’s Favorite Painters & the Most Misunderstood - "Exactly 150 years ago, Monet, Degas, Renoir and their pals spurred an artistic revolution. Can we still see the defiance behind the beauty, and the schmaltz?"
• How we made the Wrapped Reichstag - Christo: ‘It took 24 years and we had to negotiate with six different presidents. Then it only stayed up for two weeks’
• Installation art - Wikipedia.
• Isamu Noguchi sculpture becomes White House's first artwork by an Asian American - "The piece, titled 'Floor Frame,' was unveiled by first lady Melania Trump in the Rose Garden on Friday. Designed in 1962, and cast in black patina and bronze the next year, the sculpture is composed of rectangular blocks that appear to sink and rise from the ground."
• Italians laughed at Leonardo da Vinci, the ginger genius - "New book reveals how the artist was lampooned in a 15th-century ‘comic strip’."
• Joseph Archer Crowe - (1825-1896). English journalist, consular official and art historian, whose volumes of the History of Painting in Italy, co-written with the Italian critic Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle (1819–1897), stand at the beginning of disciplined modern art history writing in English, being based on chronologies of individual artists' development and the connoisseurship of identifying artist's individual manners or "hands".
• Leonardo da Vinci feud: The 'earlier' Mona Lisa mystery - "A painting of the Mona Lisa hangs above a fireplace in a London flat in the 1960s. Is this picture not only by Leonardo da Vinci, but also an earlier version of the world famous portrait that hangs in the Louvre Museum in Paris?"
• Leonardo da Vinci five centuries on: Louvre in Paris opens long-awaited exhibition - "It took more than a decade to prepare and was almost thwarted by a diplomatic row. Now, one of the world's most expensive art exhibitions - to commemorate the 500th anniversary of Leonardo da Vinci's death - is finally opening to the public."
• Leonardo da Vinci may have painted another 'Mona Lisa.' Now, there's a legal battle over who owns it - CNN style.
• Leonardo da Vinci Painting Sells for $450.3 Million, Shattering Auction Highs - The New York Times.
• Leonardo Da Vinci project finds 14 living male descendants - "Researchers hope to understand genius of artist by reconstructing his genealogical profile."
• Leonardo Da Vinci's living relatives found: painter, engineer, Oscar nominee - The Guardian.
• Leonardo da Vinci's lost masterpieces - "The Renaissance man was as much a scientist as an artist. On the 500th anniversary of his death, Cath Pound explores how Leonardo da Vinci’s drawings reveal his genius."
• Leonardo v Rembrandt: who's the greatest? - "As the masters celebrate big anniversaries, who reaches more powerfully across the centuries – and who deserves to hit the canvas?"
• List of most expensive paintings - Wikipedia.
• LIST OF PAINTERS BY NATIONALITY - Wikipedia.
• Looking at Edvard Munch, Beyond ‘The Scream’ - The New York Times.
• Looking at van Gogh, 125 Years Later - The New York Times.
• Lost, stolen, blown up & fed to pigs: the greatest missing masterpieces - The Guardian.
• Louis Vauxcelles - (1870-1943). Born Louis Meyer, was an influential French Jewish art critic. He is credited with coining the terms Fauvism (1905), and Cubism (1908).
• Louvre's missing pyramid & the magic of trompe l’oeil - The Guardian.
• Luxury Investments Around the World Compared - infographic - "Do you enjoy the finer things in life? For many of the world’s wealthy individuals, acquiring luxury goods such as art, fine wine, and watches is a passion. Unlike traditional investments in financial assets, luxury goods can be difficult to value if one does not have an appreciation for their form. A rare painting, for example, does not generate cash flows, meaning its value is truly in the eye of the beholder. To gain some insight into the market for luxury goods, this infographic takes data from Knight Frank’s 2021 Wealth Report to compare the preferences of nine global regions."
• Mannerism - style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, lasting until about 1580 in Italy. Stylistically, Mannerism encompasses a variety of approaches influenced by, and reacting to, the harmonious ideals associated with artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and early Michelangelo. Where High Renaissance art emphasizes proportion, balance, and ideal beauty, Mannerism exaggerates such qualities, often resulting in compositions that are asymmetrical or unnaturally elegant.
• Maquette - (French word for scale model, sometimes referred to by the Italian names plastico or modello) is a small scale model or rough draft of an unfinished sculpture.
• Masterpiece - (or chef d'œuvre) in modern use refers to a creation that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career or to a work of outstanding creativity, skill, or workmanship.
• Masterpiece found in attic could sell for $171M - "Lost Caravaggio painting found in attic could fetch $171 million at auction."
• match the famous paintings to their frames – quiz - The Guardian.
• Maximalism - Wikipedia.
• Medical error led to painter Raphael's death, study finds - "Bloodletting contributed to worsening health of painter, who probably had pneumonia."
• Meet Warhol, Again, in This Brilliant Whitney Show - "A sweeping retrospective shows a personal side of the Pop master - his hopes, fears, faith - and reasserts his power for a new generation, Holland Cotter writes in his review."
• Memento mori - Wikipedia.
• Michelangelo: ‘Secret room’ decorated by Michelangelo to open to the public in Italy - "The tiny space sits beneath the Medici Chapels in Florence, where Michelangelo sculpted intricate tombs for members of the Medici family behind the church of San Lorenzo in the Sagrestia Nuova, or New Sacristry."
• Microsoft co-founder’s collection poised to raise $1bn in ‘largest art auction in history’ - "Proceeds from sale of 150 works owned by the late billionaire Paul Allen will go to charity."
• Mind my Picasso... superyacht owners struggle to protect art - "Billionaires try to cut risk to priceless paintings from flying champagne corks."
• Minimalism - Wikipedia.
• Mise en abyme - a formal technique in which an image contains a smaller copy of itself, in a sequence appearing to recur infinitely.
• Missing Picasso Found? Photo Suggests Philippines’ Imelda Marcos Might Still Have It - "What might be a lost painting by Pablo Picasso was spotted at the home of Imelda Marcos, the former first lady of the Philippines and the widow of dictator Ferdinand Marcos–who allegedly embezzled billions of dollars from the Philippines before he was ousted–after her son Ferdinand Marcos Jr. won the presidential election this week. The Marcos family is believed to have embezzled as much as $10 billion from the Philippines, the majority of which has never been recovered."
• Modigliani breaks estimate records - The Telegraph.
• Modigliani sets world record with estimate in excess of $150m - The Guardian.
• Mona Lisa based on Da Vinci's gay lover, art detective claims - The Telegraph.
• Mona Lisa for $60K? The curious market for Old Masters replicas - "To an untrained eye, the 'Mona Lisa' up for auction at Sotheby's next week is indistinguishable from its namesake hanging in the Louvre."
• Mona Lisa myth debunked - "Researchers debunk myth about Mona Lisa's eyes."
• Mona Lisa was set in this surprising Italian town, geologist claims - "Ann Pizzorusso, who is both a geologist and an art historian specializing in Leonardo and the Renaissance era, believes Lake Como, the glacial lake dating back around 10,000 years, is in the background of the Mona Lisa."
• Mona Lisa's Tuscan villa on sale for £16 million - The Telegraph.
• Monet's dreamy haze was actually pollution, study finds - "Scientists confirm long held theory about what inspired Monet."
• Monotyping - Monotyping is a type of printmaking made by drawing or painting on a smooth, non-absorbent surface. The surface, or matrix, was historically a copper etching plate, but in contemporary work it can vary from zinc or glass to acrylic glass. The image is then transferred onto a sheet of paper by pressing the two together, usually using a printing-press.
• Morellian method - based on clues offered by trifling details rather than identities of composition and subject matter or other broad treatments that are more likely to be seized upon by students, copyists and imitators.
• Mossack Fonseca's role in fight over painting stolen by Nazis - The Guardian.
• Most detailed ever photograph of the night watch - "The Rijksmuseum is publishing the largest and most detailed ever photograph of The Night Watch on its website, making it possible to zoom in on individual brushstrokes and even particles of pigment in the painting. The Rijksmuseum’s imaging team made this photograph of The Night Watch from a total of 528 exposures. The 24 rows of 22 pictures were stitched together digitally with the aid of neural networks. The final image is made up of 44.8 gigapixels (44,804,687,500 pixels), and the distance between each pixel is 20 micrometres (0.02 mm). This enables the scientists to study the painting in detail remotely. The image will also be used to accurately track any future ageing processes taking place in the painting."
• Museum rivalry ‘could make Dutch Vermeer show last of its kind’ - "Rijksmuseum aims to bring together all the works by Girl with a Pearl Earring painter that are fit to travel."
• My father, Picasso: secret daughter tells of posing in pink bootees - "A book of family memories paints the artist as doting dad, rather than the callous, ageing womaniser depicted by others."
• Mystery of Van Gogh's ear revealed - Doctor's note shows he severed his ENTIRE lobe – and he sent it to a cleaner, not a prostitute.
• Neanderthals were painting caves in Europe long before modern humans, study finds - "Whether Neanderthals thought symbolically and had an artistic sensibility has been a question that has vexed experts in human evolution. But evidence is mounting that our Stone Age cousins were our cognitive equals and created forms of art in Europe long before Homo sapiens were on the scene."
• 'New Rembrandt' to be unveiled in Amsterdam - 3D printed painting made by software that distilled the features of a Rembrandt.
• NFT: The vast majority of NFTs are now worthless, new report shows - "Two years after tech trend that swept up artists and celebrities, researchers estimate 23 million people hold worthless investments."
• Night Watch comes in: research into Rembrandt reports - "After more than 25 different scanning methods, two and a half years and a team of researchers working despite coronavirus behind a glass box, Operation Night Watch has reported its findings. The Rijksmuseum has announced that its unprecedented research effort into Rembrandt’s Night Watch has shed important light on how Rembrandt worked, damage to the painting over the years, and how to restore it."
• Non-Objective Art - defines a type of abstract art that is usually, but not always, geometric and aims to convey a sense of simplicity and purity.
• One of the last privately owned Botticelli portraits has sold for over $92 million - "The 15th-century painting 'Young Man Holding a Roundel' became the most expensive work by the Renaissance artist ever to appear at auction, and the most valuable Old Masters work ever sold at Sotheby's, the auction house announced."
• Pablo Picasso: women are either goddesses or doormats - The Telegraph.
• Painting factories - list of painting mills.
• Passage - Alfred Barr (1902-1981) defined Passage as "The merging of planes with space by leaving one edge unpainted or light in tone."
• Paul Allen: Largest art auction ever to sell Microsoft co-founder's $1bn collection - "An estimated $1bn worth of art belonging to the late Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen will be sold at the largest art auction in history. The collection includes masterpieces by Botticelli, Renoir, David Hockney and Roy Lichtenstein. Christie's auction house said proceeds of the November sale would be given to charity, as Mr Allen wished."
• Pentimento - alteration in a painting, evidenced by traces of previous work, showing that the artist has changed his or her mind as to the composition during the process of painting.
• ‘Picasso nearly fell over backwards when he saw her’ - Lee Miller’s son on their intense relationship - "She was a model-turned-photographer whose unflinching eye captured the horror of the Nazis. But for too long, this extraordinary woman was defined as ‘Picasso’s muse’. As a new show puts this right, her son looks back."
• Picasso pilgrimage: a Spanish art trail marking 50 years since his death - "From Málaga to Madrid, there’s a fiesta of special exhibitions this year in the places where the artist lived and worked."
• Picasso's muses: artist's own collection starring six women he loved on sale for the first time - The Telegraph.
• Piet Mondrian & the six lines that made a masterpiece - "A 1922 painting by Piet Mondrian challenged art history, defining a new era, writes Deborah Nicholls-Lee, as two exhibitions celebrate the 150th anniversary of his birth."
• Police recover 500-year-old stolen copy of Leonardo da Vinci's 'Salvator Mundi' - "A 16th-century copy of Leonardo da Vinci's 'Salvator Mundi,' the world's most expensive painting, has been recovered by Italian police after it was stolen from a museum in Naples."
• Polish government buys art collection including a da Vinci for a fraction of its real value - The Telegraph.
• Prince Charles, the multi-million pound artist - The Telegraph.
• Private passions: the sexual secrets hidden in the world’s greatest art - "It has been suggested that a portrait by the Flemish painter Anthony van Dyck hides a secret about his love life. If so, he is part of a history that stretches from Caravaggio to Kahlo."
• Quattrocento - encompasses the artistic styles of the late Middle Ages (most notably International Gothic) and the early Renaissance.
• Queen of Christmas: the wondrous snowy landscapes that made Grandma Moses as big as Jackson Pollock - "The upstate New York farmer took up painting at 76 and was soon a star, her ‘old-timey’ scenes proving perfect for stamps, curtains and Christmas cards – saving her from a life of raising chickens."
• Real art in museums stimulates brain much more than reprints, study finds - "Scientists in Netherlands using eye-tracking and MRI scans found ‘enormous difference’ between genuine works and posters."
• Rembrandt & slavery: did the great painter have links to this abhorrent trade? - "No artist is more celebrated for their compassion and empathy. So why has the Dutch master’s work been included in a shocking new show linking art and the slave trade?"
• Rembrandt at Buckland - The original 'selfie' - Buckland Abbey, U.K.
• Rembrandt: Rijksmuseum begins live Night Watch restoration - "An Amsterdam museum has begun the biggest ever restoration of Rembrandt's famous painting The Night Watch and is inviting people to watch live."
• Rembrandt self-portrait breaks record at virtual auction - "A self-portrait by Rembrandt sold for $18.7 million at a Sotheby's virtual auction, breaking the record price for a self-portrait by the Dutch master."
• Rembrandt’s Night Watch uncropped by AI 300 years after it was trimmed - "A marriage of art and artificial intelligence has enabled Amsterdam’s Rijksmuseum to recreate parts of the iconic 'Night Watch' painting that were snipped off 70 years after Rembrandt finished it."
• Rembrandt’s ‘The Night Watch’ is being restored & the public are invited to watch - "After five years of exhaustive research, a team of eight restorers are starting a grand preservation project on Rembrandt’s 1642 masterpiece, ‘The Night Watch’ at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam."
• Renaissance painting found in kitchen in France sells for €24m - "Christ Mocked by Italian artist Cimabue had been valued at €4m-€6m before auction. An tiny early Renaissance masterpiece found in a French woman’s kitchen during a house clearance has fetched more than €24m at auction, making it the most expensive medieval painting ever sold."
• RenÉ Magritte’s ‘L’empire des lumiÈres’ sells for record $121 million - "As one of the largest paintings in a succession of 27 works all titled ‘L’empire des lumières’('The Empire of Light'), the 1954 canvas is well known among 20th century art experts for its scale, pristine condition and subtle details."
• Riddle of a Scandalous French Painting Is Solved, Researcher Says - "For over 150 years, the famous painting’s origin was as mysterious as its subject - a meticulous close-up of a woman’s genitals - was considered unspeakable. No head, no arms, one breast: only a torso, finely rendered. Who posed for this notorious nonportrait by the celebrated troublemaker of 19th-century French realist painting, Gustave Courbet?"
• Rodin's 'Thinker' fetches $11.1 million at Paris auction - "A casting of Auguste Rodin's 'The Thinker' sculpture, one of the most iconic works of art in the world, sold for 10.7 million euros ($11.14 million) at a Paris auction on Thursday. The auction house, Christie's, had estimated the casting, one of roughly 40 authentic outstanding ones, would fetch between 9 and 14 million euros. The record for a Rodin 'Thinker' was set at a Sotheby's auction in New York in 2013, when one sold for $15.3 million."
• Rothko case - protracted legal dispute between Kate Rothko, the daughter of the painter Mark Rothko; the painter's estate executors; and the directors of his gallery, Marlborough Fine Art. The revelations in the case of greed, abuses of power and conspiracy by financial interests in the art world were described by the New York Court of Appeals, the highest court of New York state, as "manifestly wrongful and indeed shocking," serving as a cautionary tale for both artists and their gallerists.
• Rubens painting written off by Met Museum & valued at £22,000 now expected to make millions at auction - The Guardian.
• Salvator Mundi: World’s most expensive painting to form centrepiece of ‘Saudi Louvre’ - "Mohammed bin Salman intends to build a gallery in Riyadh to display Salvator Mundi, attributed to Leonardo da Vinci and the most costly artwork ever sold at auction."
• Saudi Crown Prince MBS Pressed The Louvre To Lie About His Fake Leonardo Da Vinci, Per New Documentary - "A new feature-length documentary set to debut next week on French TV alleges that Saudi crown prince Mohammed bin Salman pressured the Louvre to lie about the authenticity of a painting he had purchased in order to spare him the public humiliation of having spent $450 million on a fake."
• Scientists Discover a Second ‘Mona Lisa Smile’ - Discover.
• Scientists identify secret ingredient in Leonardo da Vinci paintings - "'Old Masters' such as Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli and Rembrandt may have used proteins, especially egg yolk, in their oil paintings, according to a new study.Trace quantities of protein residue have long been detected in classic oil paintings, though they were often ascribed to contamination. A new study published Tuesday in the journal Nature Communications found the inclusion was likely intentional - and sheds light on the technical knowledge of the Old Masters, the most skilled European painters of the 16th, 17th, or early 18th century, and the way they prepared their paints."
• Seeing Beyond the Beauty of a Vermeer - "The violence of his era can be found in his serene masterpieces - if you know where to look." The New York Times.
• Seeing is believing: the trick of the trompe l’oeil in art - Europeana Blog.
• Seeing MirÓ’s Majorca Studio, Just the Way He Kept It - The New York Times.
• Sfumato - one of the four canonical painting modes of Renaissance art (alongside cangiante, chiaroscuro, and unione). Sfumato translated into English means soft, vague or blurred.
• Shredded Banksy artwork sells for $25.4 million at auction - "A work by British street artist Banksy that sensationally self-shredded just after it sold at auction three years ago fetched almost 18.6 million pounds ($25.4 million) on Thursday - a record for the artist, and close to 20 times its pre-shredded price. 'Love is in the Bin' was offered by Sotheby’s in London, with a presale estimate of 4 million pounds to 6 million pounds ($5.5 million to $8.2 million)."
• Sketch dismissed as Rembrandt ‘crude imitation’ revealed to be genuine - "The Raising of the Cross was thought to be by a follower of the Dutch master, but experts now say it is by Rembrandt himself."
• SOTHEBY’S LAUNCHES ITS FIRST EVER NFT AUCTION WITH ANONYMOUS ARTIST PAK - "Last month, Sotheby’s announced plans to collaborate with the anonymous digital artist Pak for its first NFT sale. ‘The Fungible’ collection will go live on Nifty Gateway at 12pm EST today until April 14."
• SuperRare - since 2017. "SuperRare is a marketplace to collect and trade unique, single-edition digital artworks. Each artwork is authentically created by an artist in the network, and tokenized as a crypto-collectible digital item that you can own and trade. You can think of SuperRare like Instagram meets Christies. A new way to interact with art, culture, and collecting on the internet!"
• Tales From the Warhol Factory - "In each of three successive spaces called the Factory, Andy Warhol created movies, paintings, time capsules and psychosexual dramas with a half-life of many decades. Here his collaborators recall the places, the times and the man."
• TERMINARTORS - "The world's largest artist, artwork and museum database!" The first community-based interactive painting gallery in the world. From the medieval era to the most recent trends, you will find tens of thousands of carefully categorized paintings, artists, and museums.
• The Beatles created a painting together while on tour in Japan. Now it’s up for auction - "That painting, believed by some experts to be the only artwork jointly made by all four Beatles (or at least signed by all four), will be up for sale at Christie’s auction house in New York on February 1."
• the calm & chaos of an artist's studio – in pictures - The Guardian.
• The Da Vinci mystery: why is his $450m masterpiece really being kept under wraps? - "When the unveiling of the long-lost Salvator Mundi was cancelled last month, there were cries of fake. But is there more to the controversy surrounding the world’s most expensive painting?"
• The government owns £3.5 billion worth of art - but only 3 per cent of it is on display.
• The Mirrors Behind Rembrandt’s Self-Portraits - The New York Times.
• The Most Famous Pop Artist You Don’t Know - The New York Times.
• The Mystery of the missing Leonardo. Where is Da Vinci’s $450m Jesus? - "The Louvre has asked to loan Salvator Mundi for a major exhibition - but many doubt the much-disputed work will make an appearance."
• The Night Watch: Rembrandt painting to be restored under world's gaze - "Art lovers will be able to watch conservators restoring work in Amsterdam’s Rijksmuseum and via web livestream."
• The reason no one smiles in old paintings - "Why so serious? The reason we rarely see smiles in art history."
• The secret to painting a portrait of 35 subjects - The Telegraph.
• The Supper at Emmaus: A coded symbol hidden in a masterpiece - "Caravaggio's The Supper at Emmaus features a snag in a wicker basket that mirrors an underground Christian emblem, writes Kelly Grovier."
• the true stories behind Modigliani's languorous nudes - The Guardian.
• the truth about Picasso's portrait - The Guardian.
• The whole truth about Van Gogh's ear - The Guardian.
• Theft of Caravaggio in Sicily still shrouded in mystery 50 years on - "Investigators are racing against time to find one of world’s most sought-after stolen artworks."
• ThÉophile ThorÉ-BÜrger - (1807-1869). French journalist and art critic. He is best known today for his rediscovery of the work of painter Johannes Vermeer.
• TOP 30 MOST POPULAR ARTISTS - ArtCyclopedia.
• Touring Europe in the Footsteps of van Gogh - The New York Times.
• True Blue - "A brief history of ultramarine."
• Unknown Constables found hidden for 200 years in family scrapbook - "Among ‘weird and wonderful objects’ are early works by one of Britain’s most important artists."
• Unrecognized in his lifetime, this artist's work now makes millions - "Why Sanyu, the 'Chinese Matisse,' is setting the art market alight."
• Van Gogh & Gauguin letter about brothel visit sells for €210,000 - "‘Exceptional’ correspondence sent from Arles in 1888 is bought by Van Gogh Museum."
• Van Gogh: Artist experienced 'delirium from alcohol withdrawal' - "The artist Vincent van Gogh is likely to have experienced two episodes of delirium caused by alcohol withdrawal, new research has shown."
• Van Gogh Never Visited Japan, but He Saw It Everywhere - The New York Times.
• Van Gogh wasn’t ill, he just had a drink problem, new research suggests - The Telegraph.
• Van Gogh's darkest symbol - From The Starry Night to a wheatfield - "Known for his sunflowers, Vincent van Gogh was also drawn to another recurring symbol - one that gave him strength at his lowest moments, writes Matthew Wilson."
• Van Gogh's gushing letter to art critic goes on show in Amsterdam - "In letter artist describes review, one of the first of his paintings, as ‘a work of art in itself’."
• Vermeer's 'hidden' Cupid is the enigmatic artist's latest mystery - "For 300 years, this painting had a secret hiding in plain sight."
• Vincent van Gogh: Dream of Talking to Vincent van Gogh? A.I. Tries to Resurrect the Artist - "Can doppelgängers of the Dutch painter help museums generate new interest and income? A.I. Vincent fields our questions (and makes some mistakes)."
• Vincent van Gogh Paris painting from 1887 to make public debut - "Scène de rue à Montmartre has been part of same French family’s private collection for more than a century."
• Visual Arts - definition & explanation.
• VR at Tate Modern's Modigliani exhibition is no gimmick - engadget.
• Want to See All the Vermeers in the World? Now’s Your Chance - "Meet Vermeer, a new augmented-reality app from the Mauritshuis museum and Google, is a virtual museum containing images of all authenticated Vermeer paintings."
• Was Francis Bacon made in Monaco? - The Telegraph.
• What happened to the world's largest painting? - "'Panthéon de la Guerre' at 100: The colossal war painting that time forgot."
• What was Leonardo da Vinci doing at your age? - "What was Leonardo doing at your age?"
• When a Warhol for $225 Has More Heft Than One for $195 Million - "Unlike the Christie’s retread, the Pop master’s 1962 'Green Marilyn' was crudely silk-screened, with blotches that convey the decay of a fallen star. It was a pathbreaking original."
• Where is the world's most expensive painting? - "The $450 million question: Where is Leonardo da Vinci's 'Salvator Mundi'?"
• Who Was Andy Warhol, Really? - "A new Netflix docuseries, The Andy Warhol Diaries (released March 9, 2022), aims to delve further into the influential artist’s mind."
• Who was in on Banksy's 'self-destruct' art stunt? - "The auction house says it didn't know anything about it. The artist famously doesn't like to show his face. The buyer is a mystery. So, for that matter, is the seller."
• Who was Leonardo da Vinci & what can we learn from him? - "As Europe prepares to mark the 500th anniversary of his death, we look at his achievements in art, science - and even flight."
• Why Campbell Soup hated, then embraced, Andy Warhol's soup can paintings - "Sixty years ago today, the pop artist Andy Warhol unveiled a wall of 32 Campbell Soup can paintings at a Los Angeles gallery, one for each flavor of soup then in production."
• Why portraits have fascinated us for millennia - "From ancient times to today, portraiture has told us fundamental truths about humanity and identity, whoever the subject. Cath Pound explores the genre's most powerful examples."
• Why William Hogarth is Britain's greatest artist - "As a new exhibition at Tate Britain celebrates the pioneering cultural figure, Matthew Wilson explores what has made his work so influential."
• With $170.4 Million Sale at Auction, Modigliani Work Joins Rarefied Nine-Figure Club
• World's 'oldest figurative painting' discovered in Borneo cave - "New analysis suggests the animal drawings are at least 40,000 years old, say scientists."
• You can now view every exquisite detail of this Rembrandt masterpiece virtually - "With many galleries closed to the public as the world grapples with the coronavirus crisis, a museum in the Netherlands has found a way to bring a masterpiece straight into people's homes."
• Zhang Daqian, the Chinese painter who outsold Van Gogh - "Zhang Daqian may not be a household name in the West, but in China - and the global art market at large - he is on par with the likes of Warhol and Monet."

Great Artists, Painters & Sculptors - Living

• 
• AI WEIWEI - born 1957.
• ALLEN JONES - born 1937.
• Andrey Bartenev - born 1969.
• ANISH KAPOOR - born 1954.
• ANSELM REYLE - born 1970.
• ARNOLDO POMODORO - born 1926.
• BANKSY - born 1974.
• BRICE MARDEN - born 1938.
• CARL ANDRE - born 1935.
• CHEN LI - born 1975.
• CHEN YONG LIANG - born 1983.
• CHEN YU - born 1969.
• CHRIS OFILI - born 1968.
• 
• CHRISTO - born 1935.
• Christoph BÜchel - born 1966.
• CLAES OLDENBURG - born 1929.
• DALE CHIHULY - born 1942.
• DAI DAI - born 1969.
• DAMIEN HIRST - born 1965. Broke in September 2008 the record for a one-artist auction at Sotheby's by raising £111 million.
• DANIEL BUREN - born 1938.
• DAVE WHITE - born 1971.
• 
• DAVID HOCKNEY - born 1937.
• DONALD SULTAN - born 1951.
• EDWARD RUSCHA - born 1937.
• ELIZABETH PEYTON - born 1965.
• EUGENIO MERINO - born 1975.
• FERNANDO BOTERO - born 1932.
• FRANCESCO VEZZOLI - born 1971.
• GARY HUME - born 1962.
• GEORG BASELITZ - born 1938.
• GERARD BYRNE - born 1969.
• GÉrard Garouste - born 1946.
• GERHARD RICHTER - born 1932. The top-selling living artist. Richter broke his own record of the highest auction price achieved by a work of a living artist on May 14, 2013, when his 1968 piece Domplatz, Mailand (Cathedral Square, Milan) was sold for US$37.125 million (£24.4 million) in New York at Sotheby's.
• GILBERT & GEORGE - born 1943 & 1942.
• JAMES ROSENQUIST - born 1933.
• James Turrell - born 1943. American artist primarily concerned with light and space.
• JASPER JOHNS - born 1930.
• 
• JEFF KOONS - born 1955.
• JONATHAN MEESE - born 1970.
• JULIE MEHRETU - born 1970.
• LIU YE - born 1964.
• LUC TUYMANS - born 1958.
• MARC QUINN - born 1964.
• MARCO EVARISTTI - born 1963.
• MAURIZIO CATTELAN - born 1960. Known for his satirical sculptures.
• NATHANIEL MELLORS - born 1974.
• NEO RAUCH - born 1960.
• OLAFUR ELIASSON - born 1967.
• PER KIRKEBY - born 1938.
• 
• Peter Anton - born 1963. American artist and sculptor. His primary subject matter is food with an emphasis on chocolates and other sweets. Often referred to as "Candy Warhol," Anton creates giant realistic sculptures and is best known for his "bigger than life" boxed chocolates.
• Peter Doig - born 1959.
• 
• PIERRE ALECHINSKY - born 1927.
• PIERRE SOULAGES - born 1919.
• RICHARD PRINCE - born 1949.
• ROBERT MANGOLD - born 1937.
• RUDOLF STINGEL - born 1956.
• Ryan Gander - born 1976.
• SHEN HUA - born 1972.
• SHEPARD FAIREY - born 1970.
• SHUAI MEI - born 1969.
• Simon Denny - born 1982.
• SPENCER FINCH - born 1962.
• STEFAN SZCZESNY - born 1951.
• TAKASHI MURAKAMI - born 1962.
• Thomas Zipp - born 1966.
• TOMÁS SARACENO - born 1973.
• Tony Matelli - born 1971.
• TRACEY EMIN - born 1963.
• WALTON FORD - born 1960.
• WANG YI GUANG - born 1962.
• YAYOI KUSAMA - born 1929.
• YU CHEN - born 1963.
• 
• Yue Minjun - born 1962.
• ZENG FANZHI - born 1964.
• ZHANG LIN HAI - born 1963.
• ZHANG XIAOGANG - born 1958.
• ZHOU TIEHAI - born 1967. Aka "the Joe Camel guy."

Great Artists, Painters & Sculptors - Departed: A-Z

• 

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- A -

• 
• ADOLPH MENZEL - (1815-1905). German Realist artist noted for drawings, etchings, and paintings. Along with Caspar David Friedrich, he is considered one of the two most prominent German artists of the 19th century.
• Adolphe Joseph Thomas Monticelli - (1824-1886).
• Adriaen Brouwer - (c. 1605-1638). Brouwer was an important innovator of genre painting through his vivid depictions of peasants, soldiers and other 'lower class' individuals engaged in drinking, smoking, card or dice playing, fighting, music making etc. in taverns or rural settings. Brouwer contributed to the development of the genre of tronies, i.e. head or facial studies, which investigate varieties of expression.
• Adriaen Coorte - (ca. 1665 – after 1707).
• Aelbert Cuyp - (1620-1691).
• ALBERT MARQUET - (1875-1947).
• 
• ALBERTO GIACOMETTI - (1901-1966). Most famous work: L'Homme Qui Marche 1 (1961). Sold for £65,001,250 / US$104,327,006 at Sotheby's London to Lily Safra on February 03, 2010. His Pointing Man sold for US$141,285,000 at Christie's, New York on May 11, 2015 - new record for most valuable work of sculpture ever sold at auction.
• Alberto Magnelli - (1888-1971).
• 
• Albrecht Altdorfer - (c. 1480-1538).
• 
• ALBRECHT DÜRER - (1471-1528).
• Alessandro Allori - (1535-1607).
• Alexander Archipenko - (1887-1964).
• ALEXANDER CALDER - (1898-1976).
• ALEXANDER RODCHENKO - (1891-1956).
• 
• Alfred Clint - (1807-1883). Best known as a marine painter, the subjects of his pictures taken chiefly from the English Channel, and especially from Jersey, Guernsey, and the coast of Sussex.
• Alphonse Mucha - (1860-1939).
• AMEDEO MODIGLIANI - (1884-1920).
• ANDERS ZORN - (1880-1920).
• ANDRÉ DERAIN - (1860-1954).
• AndrÉ Dunoyer de Segonzac - (1884-1974).
• ANDRÉ Masson - (1896-1987).
• Andrea Appiani - (1754-1817).
• Andrea del Castagno - (c. 1421–1457).
• Andrea del Sarto - (1486–1530).
• 
• ANDREA DEL VERROCHIO - (c. 1435-1488).
• ANDREA MANTEGNA - (c. 1431-1506).
• ANDREA POZZO - (1642-1709).
• Andrew Wyeth - (1917-2009).
• 
• ANDY WARHOL - (1928-1987). Self Portrait (1986) sold for US$32,562,500 at Sotheby's (New York) on May 12, 2010.
• How Andy Warhol overtook Picasso to become the most prized artist of the 20th century - "One of his portraits of Marilyn Monroe is expected to shatter records at auction next month. But was Andy Warhol just an ‘affectless hero’ of the media age? Or was he the greatest and most profound artist of his era?"
• Angelica Kauffman - (1741-1807).
• Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson - (1767-1824).
• ANNIBALE CARRACCI - (1560-1609).
• Anselm Feuerbach - (1829-1880).
• Anthony Caro - (1924-2013). English abstract sculptor.
• ANTHONY VAN DYCK - (1599-1641).
• ANTOINE WATTEAU - (1684-1721).
• 
• ANTOINE-JEAN GROS - (1771-1835).
• 
• Anton Graff - (1736-1813). Was an eminent Swiss portrait artist. Among his famous subjects were Friedrich Schiller, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Heinrich von Kleist, Frederick the Great, and many more. His portrait of Frederick the Great is regarded as Anton Graff's masterpiece. Contemporaries claimed it was the best and most accurate portrait of Frederick the Great. It is the most famous and most copied and reproduced portrait of the King of Prussia. Adolf Hitler bought it in 1934 for RM34,000.
• Antonello da Messina - (c. 1430-1479).
• ANTONI TÀPIES - (1923-2012).
• 
• ANTONIO CANOVA - (1757-1822).
• Antonio del Pollaiolo - (1429/1433–1498).
• Aristide Maillol - (1861-1944).
• Arno Breker - (1900-1991). German sculptor who is best known for his public works in Nazi Germany, where they were endorsed by the authorities as the antithesis of degenerate art.
• Arnold BÖcklin - (1827-1901).
• Artemisia Gentileschi - (1593 – c. 1656). the woman who took revenge in oil - The Guardian.
• Arturo Di Modica - (1941-2021). Italian-born, American sculptor, widely known for his Charging Bull sculpture which he left outside the New York Stock Exchange on December 15, 1989, as his gift to the United States.
• ASGER JORN - (1914-1973).
• Aubrey Beardsley - (1872-1898).
• 
• AUGUSTE RODIN - (1840-1917). Rodin worked throughout his life on The Gates of Hell, a monumental sculptural group depicting scenes from Dante's Inferno in high relief and contains 180 figures among these the famous The Thinker representing philosophy.
• Rodin's 'Thinker' fetches $11.1 million at Paris auction - "A casting of Auguste Rodin's 'The Thinker' sculpture, one of the most iconic works of art in the world, sold for 10.7 million euros ($11.14 million) at a Paris auction on Thursday. The auction house, Christie's, had estimated the casting, one of roughly 40 authentic outstanding ones, would fetch between 9 and 14 million euros. The record for a Rodin 'Thinker' was set at a Sotheby's auction in New York in 2013, when one sold for $15.3 million."
• Augustus John - (1878-1961).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- B -

• BALTHUS - (1908-2001).
• 
• BARNETT NEWMAN - (1905-1970).
• BARTOLOMÉ ESTEBAN MURILLO - (1617-1682).
• Battistello Caracciolo - (1578-1635).
• BÉla CzÓbel - (1883-1976).
• Belisario Corenzio - (c. 1558–1643).
• BENJAMIN WEST - (1738-1820).
• Benozzo Gozzoli - (c. 1421-1497).
• 
• BERNARD BUFFET - (1928-1999).
• Bernardo Bellotto - (1721-1780).
• BERTHE MORISOT - (1841-1895).
• Bonaventura Berlinghieri - (c. 1210 - c. 1274)
• BRONZINO - (1503-1572).
• Byam Shaw - (1872-1919).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- C -

• CAMILLE PISSARRO - (1830-1903).
• 
• CANALETTO - (1697-1768).
• CARAVAGGIO - (1571-1610).
• Carl Bloch - (1834-1980).
• Carl Spitzweg - (1808-1885).
• Carolus-Duran - (1837-1917). French painter and art instructor. He is noted for his stylish depictions of members of high society in Third Republic France.
• Caspar David Friedrich - (1774-1840). 19th-century German Romantic landscape painter, generally considered the most important German artist of his generation.
• Chaim Soutine - (1893-1943).
• CHARLES LE BRUN - (1619-1690).
• Charles Marion Russell - (1864-1926).
• Charles Sheeler - (1883-1965).
• 
• Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg - (1783-1853).
• CIMABUE - (c. 1240 – 1302). Also known as Cenni di Pepo or Cenni di Pepi, was an Italian painter and designer of mosaics from Florence.
• Claude Joseph Vernet - (1714-1789).
• 
• CLAUDE LORRAIN - (c. 1600-1682). Was a French painter, draughtsman and etcher of the Baroque era. He spent most of his life in Italy, and is one of the earliest important artists, apart from his contemporaries in Dutch Golden Age painting, to concentrate on landscape painting. His landscapes are usually turned into the more prestigious genre of history paintings by the addition of a few small figures, typically representing a scene from the Bible or classical mythology.
• 
• CLAUDE MONET - (1840-1926). Le Bassin aux Nymphéas (from the water lilies series) sold at Christie's 24 June 2008, lot 19, for £36,500,000 ($71,892,376.34) (hammer price) or £40,921,250 ($80,451,178) with fees, setting a new auction record for the artist.
• The paintings that changed the way we see London - "A new exhibition charts how Claude Monet's revolutionary, fog-shrouded visions of the Thames would 'irreversibly alter how London saw itself'."
• Clyfford Still - (1949-1980).
• 
• CONSTANTIN BRÂNCUŞI - (1876-1957). Romanian sculptor, painter and photographer who made his career in France. Considered a pioneer of modernism, one of the most influential sculptors of the 20th-century, Brâncuşi is called the patriarch of modern sculpture.
• CORREGGIO - (1489-1534).
• Cy Twombly - (1928-2011).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- D -

• DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI - (1828-1882).
• David Wilkie - (1785-1841).
• 
• DIEGO RIVERA - (1886-1957).
• 
• DIEGO VELÁZQUEZ - (1599-1660).
• Domenichino - (1581-1641).
• Domenico Ghirlandaio - (1449-1494).
• Domenico Veneziano - (c. 1410-1461).
• DONATELLO - (1386-1466).
• Duane Hanson - (1925-1996).
• Duccio di Buoninsegna - (c. 1255-1260 – c. 1318-1319).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- E -

• EDGAR DEGAS - (1834-1917).
• 
• ÉDOUARD MANET - (1832-1883). His early masterwork Le dÉjeuner sur l'herbe (1862-1863) was the 19th century's most controversial artwork.
• ÉDOUARD VUILLARD - (1868-1940).
• Eduard von GrÜtzner - (1826-1925).
• EDUARDO CHILLIDA - (1924-2002).
• 
• EDVARD MUNCH - (1863-1944). Most famous work: The Scream (4th version) (1895). The second most expensive artwork sold at auction on Wednesday, May 2, 2012 to U.S. billionaire Leon Black for US$119,922,500 (by Sotheby's).
• EDWARD BAWDEN - (1903-1989).
• 
• EDWARD HOPPER - (1882-1967). Most famous work: Nighthawks (1942).
• EGON SCHIELE - (1890-1918).
• EL GRECO - (1541-1614).
• 
• El Lissitzky - (1890-1941).
• Elias Gottlob Haussmann - (1695-1774).
• Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun - (1755-1842). Prominent French portrait painter of the late eighteenth century. Serving as the portrait painter to Marie Antoinette. She enjoyed the patronage of European aristocrats, actors, and writers, and was elected to art academies in ten cities.
• Emanuel Leutze - (1816-1868).
• EMIL NOLDE - (1867-1956).
• Émile Bernard - (1868-1941).
• Émile GallÉ - (1846-1904). French artist who worked in glass, and is considered to be one of the major forces in the French Art Nouveau movement.
• 
• Ernest Meissonier - (1815-1891). Was a French Classicist painter and sculptor famous for his depictions of Napoleon, his armies and military themes. He documented sieges and manoeuvres.
• Ernst Barlach - (1870-1938).
• Ernst Ludwig Kirchner - (1880-1938).
• EUGÈNE BOCH - (1855-1941).
• EUGÈNE BOUDIN - (1824-1898).
• EUGÈNE DELACROIX - (1798-1863).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- F -

• 
• Felix de Weldon - (1907-2003).
• FÉlix Vallotton - (1865-1925).
• FERNAND CORMON - (1845-1924).
• 
• FERNAND LÉGER - (1881-1955).
• Filippo Brunelleschi - (1377-1446).
• Filippo Lippi - (c. 1406-1469).
• FRA ANGELICO - (c. 1395-1455).
• Francesco Ladatte - (1706-1787).
• Francesco Laurana - (c. 1430 – c. 1502).
• 
• FRANCIS BACON - (1909-1992). The most expensive work of art ever sold at auction for US$142.4 million at Christie's in New York on November 12, 2013.
• FRANCIS NEWTON SOUZA - (1924-2002).
• 
• FRANCIS PICABIA - (1879-1953).
• Francisco de ZurbarÁn - (1598-1664).
• 
• Francesco Bacchiacca - (1494-1557).
• 
• FRANCISCO GOYA - (1746-1828).
• Francisco Herrera the Younger - (1622-1685).
• FRANCISCO PACHECO - (1564-1644).
• FranÇois Clouet - (c. 1510-1572).
• FranÇois GÉrard - (1770-1837).
• FRANS HALS - (c. 1580–1666).
• FrantiŠek Kupka - (1871-1957).
• Franz Kline - (1910-1962).
• Franz Xaver Karl Palko - (1724-1767).
• 
• Franz Xaver Messerschmidt - (1736-1783).
• 
• FrÉdÉric Auguste Bartholdi - (1834-1904). Best known for designing the Statue of Liberty.
• Frederic Remington - (1861-1909).
• FRIDA KAHLO - (1907-1954).
• Friedensreich Hundertwasser - (1928-2000).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- G -

• Gabriel FranÇois Doyen - (1726-1806).
• 
• George Bellows - (1882-1925). "The most acclaimed American artist of his generation".
• GEORGE GROSZ - (1893-1959).
• GEORGE SANDERS - (1774-1846). Scottish portrait painter.
• GEORGE STUBBS - (1724-1806). English painter, best known for his paintings of horses.
• GEORGE W. JOY - (1844-1925).
• 
• GEORGES BRAQUE - (1882-1963).
• Georges Rouault - (1871-1958).
• GEORGES SEURAT - (1859-1891).
• Georgia O'Keeffe - (1887-1986)
• GERARD TER BORCH - (1617-1681).
• 
• Gerald Murphy - (1888-1964).
• Gerard van Honthorst - (1592-1656).
• Gian Lorenzo Bernini - (1598-1680).
• 
• Giorgio de Chirico - (1888-1978).
• Giorgio Vasari - (30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574). Italian painter, writer, historian, and architect, who is famous today for his biographies of Renaissance artists, considered the ideological foundation of art-historical writing.
• 
• GIORGIONE - (c. 1477/8–1510). Italian painter of the High Renaissance in Venice. Only about six surviving paintings are acknowledged for certain to be his work.
• GIOTTO DI BONDONE - (c. 1267–1337).
• Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio - (1466/67–1516).
• Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato - (1609-1685).
• GIOVANNI BELLINI - (c. 1430–1516).
• 
• Giovanni Boldini - (1842-1931). Italian genre and portrait painter. According to a 1933 article in Time magazine, he was known as the "Master of Swish" because of his flowing style of painting. It is for his portraits that he became best known.
• Giovanni Diodati - (1576-1649).
• GIOVANNI PAOLO PANNINI - (1691-1755).
• GIOVANNI BATTISTA TIEPOLO - (1696-1770).
• Giuseppe Zocchi - (c. 1711–1767). Was an Italian painter and printmaker active in Florence and best known for his vedute of the city.
• 
• Giusto de' Menabuoi - (c. 1320–1391) was an Italian painter of the early Renaissance. In Lombardy he executed a fresco of the Last Judgement in the Abbey of Viboldone, Milan. He then moved to Padua where he completed frescos in the Church of the Eremitani, the Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua and most notably at the Baptistery of the Padua Duomo.
• Govert Flinck - (1615-1660).
• 
• Graham Sutherland - (1903-1980).
• 
• Grant Wood - (1891-1942).
• Guglielmo Caccia - (1568-1625).
• Guido Cagnacci - (1601-1663).
• GUIDO RENI - (1575-1642).
• 
• GUSTAV KLIMT - (1862-1918).
• Gustave Courbet - (1819-1877).
• GUSTAVE MOREAU - (1826-1898).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- H -

• HANNAH HÖCH - (1889-1978).
• 
• Hans Burgkmair - (1473-1531).
• 
• HANS HOLBEIN - (c. 1498-1543).
• 
• Hans Makart - (1840-1884). 19th-century Austrian academic history painter, designer, and decorator; most well known for his influence on Gustav Klimt and other Austrian artists, but in his own era considered an important artist himself and a celebrity figure in the high culture of Vienna, attended with almost cult-like adulation.
• Hans Memling - (c. 1430–1494).
• HANS RICHTER - (1888-1976).
• Heinrich Campendonk - (1889-1957).
• Hendrick van Anthonissen - (1605-1656).
• HENRI DE TOULOUSE-LAUTREC - (1864-1901).
• 
• HENRI MATISSE - (1869-1954). Bronze Nu de Dos, 4 état (Back IV) sold on November 3, 2010 for a record US$48,802,500 at Christie's. Conceived circa 1930 and cast in 1978.
• Henri Manguin - (1874-1949).
• HENRI ROUSSEAU - (1844-1910).
• Henry Fuseli - (1741-1825).
• HENRY MOORE - (1898-1986).
• Henry Payne - (1868-1940).
• HOKUSAI - (1760-1849). Japanese artist, ukiyo-e painter and printmaker of the Edo period.
• HONORÉ DAUMIER - (1808-1879).
• 
• HYACINTHE RIGAUD - (1659-1743). Renowned for his portrait paintings of Louis XIV.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- I -

• Ignacio Zuloaga - (1870-1945).
• 
• ISAAC OLIVER - (c. 1565-1617).
• ISAMU NOGUCHI - (1904-1988).
• Ivan Aivazovsky - (1817-1900).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- J -

• J. M. W. TURNER - (1775-1851).
• Jack Butler Yeats - (1871-1957).
• 
• JACKSON POLLACK - (1912-1956).
• Jacob Jordaens - (1593-1678).
• Jacopo Bassano - (1510-1592).
• JACQUES CALLOT - (c. 1592-1632).
• Jacques de Claeuw - (1623-1694).
• Jacques de Lajoue - (1687-1761).
• Jacques Lipchitz - (1891-1973).
• 
• JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID - (1748-1825).
• 
• Jacques Saly - (1717-1776). French-born sculptor who worked in France, Denmark, Italy & Malta.
• 
• JAMES ENSOR - (1860-1949).
• James Thornhill - (1675/1676-1734).
• 
• James Tissot - (1836-1902). French painter and illustrator. He was a successful painter of Paris society before moving to London in 1871. He became famous as a genre painter of fashionably dressed women shown in various scenes of everyday life.
• 
• JAMES WHISTLER - (1834-1903). His most famous painting is the iconic Whistler's Mother (1871), the revered and oft parodied portrait of motherhood.
• JAN BRUEGHEL THE ELDER - (1568-1625).
• JAN BRUEGHEL THE YOUNGER - (1601-1678).
• JAN MABUSE - (c. 1478–1532).
• JAN STEEN - (c. 1626-1679).
• Jan van der Heyden - (1637-1712). One of the first Dutch painters to dedicate most of his output to cityscapes and other depictions of groups of buildings.
• Jan van Goyen - (1596-1656).
• 
• JAN VAN EYCK - (c. 1395-1441). Most famous works: Ghent Altarpiece (completed 1432), Arnolfini Portrait (1434) and Annunciation (1434-1436).
• Jean Arp - (1886-1966).
• JEAN AUGUSTE DOMINIQUE INGRES - (1780-1867).
• Jean-Baptiste-SimÉon Chardin - (1699-1779).
• JEAN-BAPTISTE-CAMILLE COROT - (1796-1875).
• JEAN-BAPTISTE Greuze - (1725-1805). French painter of portraits, genre scenes, and history painting. In the second chapter of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes story The Valley of Fear, Holmes' discussion of his enemy Professor Moriarty involves a Greuze painting in his possession, intended to illustrate Moriarty's wealth despite his small legitimate salary as an academic.
• Jean Charles Cazin - (1840-1901).
• Jean Clouet - (1480–1541).
• JEAN COCTEAU - (1889-1963).
• Jean Dewasne - (1921-1999).
• Jean Fouquet - (1420-1481). The apparent inventor of the portrait miniature.
• Jean-Jacques Deyrolle - (1911-1967).
• Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier - (1815-1891).
• Jean-Marc Nattier - (1685-1766).
• 
• JEAN-MICHEL BASQUIAT - (1960-1988).
• Jean Puy - (1876-1960).
• Jean-Victor Bertin - (1757-1842).
• Jehan Georges Vibert - (1840-1902).
• 
• JOAN MIRÓ - (1893-1983).
• John Byam Liston Shaw - (1872-1919).
• JOHN CONSTABLE - (1776-1837).
• JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS - (1829-1896).
• JOHN HEARTFIELD - (1891-1968).
• JOHN JAMES AUDUBON - (1785-1851).
• John La Farge - (1835-1910).
• John Lavery - (1856-1941).
• JOHN RUSKIN - (1819-1900).
• JOHN SINGER SARGENT - (1856-1925).
• John Singleton Copley - (1738-1815).
• John William Inchbold - (1830-1888).
• 
• JOHANNES VERMEER - (1632-1675). Most famous painting: The Art of Painting (c. 1666). It is the largest and most complex of all of Vermeer's works.
• Seeing Beyond the Beauty of a Vermeer - "The violence of his era can be found in his serene masterpieces - if you know where to look." The New York Times.
• Joos van Cleve - (1c. 1485 – 1540/1541).
• JOSEF ALBERS - (1888-1976).
• Joseph-BenoÎt SuvÉe - (1743-1807).
• JOSEPH BEUYS - (1921-1986).
• 
• JOSEPH SEVERN - (1793-1879). English portrait and subject painter and a personal friend of the famous English poet John Keats.
• JOSEPH WRIGHT - (1734-1797).
• JOSHUA REYNOLDS - (1723-1792).
• Juan de ValdÉs Leal - (1622-1690).
• Juan Gris - (1887-1927).
• JUSEPE DE RIBERA - (1591-1652).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- K -

• KAREL APPEL - (1921-2006).
• 
• KAREL VAN MANDER - (1548-1606).
• Karl Jauslin - (1842-1904).
• Karl Schmidt-Rottluff - (1884-1976).
• 
• KAZIMIR MALEVICH - (1879-1935). Russian painter and art theoretician. He was a pioneer of geometric abstract art and the originator of the avant-garde, Suprematist movement.
• Kees van Dongen - (1877-1968).
• KEITH HARING - (1958-1990).
• Konrad Witz - (1400/1410 - winter 1445/spring 1446). Witz is most famous for painting three altarpieces, all of which survive only partially.
• 
• Kurt Schwitters - (1887-1948).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- L -

• 
• LASCAUX CAVE PAINTINGS - (estimated to be 17,300 years old).
• LAURENT DE LA HYRE - (1606-1656).
• LÁszlÓ Moholy-Nagy - (1895-1946).
• 
• Laurits Tuxen - (1853-1927). Danish painter and sculptor specialising in figure painting. He was also associated with the Skagen Painters.
• 
• 
• LEONARDO DA VINCI - (1452-1519). His portrait Mona Lisa (c. 1503-1506) is considered the most famous and iconic painting in the world. His mural The Last Supper (1495-1498) in Milan's monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie the world's second most important painting.
• LORENZO DI CREDI - (c. 1459-1537).
• LORENZO GHIBERTI - (1378-1455).
• LORENZO LOTTO - (c. 1480 – 1556/57).
• Louis Valtat - (1869-1952).
• Louis-FranÇois Lejeune - (1775-1848).
• 
• L. S. Lowry - (1887-1976).
• LUCAS CRANACH THE ELDER - (1472-1553).
• LUCAS CRANACH THE YOUNGER - (1515-1586).
• LUCIAN FREUD - (1922-2011).
• LUCIO FONTANA - (1899-1968).
• Lyonel Feininger - (1871-1956).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- M -

• 
• MAN RAY - (1890-1976).
• MARC CHAGALL - (1887-1985).
• 
• 
• MARCEL DUCHAMP - (1887-1968).
• Margaritone d'Arezzo - (c. 1250–1290).
• MariÀ Fortuny - (1838-1874).
• Marie Laurencin - (1883-1956).
• MARINO MARINI - (1901-1980).
• 
• MARK GERTLER - (1891-1939).
• 
• MARK LOMBARDI - (1951-2000). American neo-conceptual artist who specialized in drawings that document alleged financial and political frauds by power brokers, and in general "the uses and abuses of power".
• MARK ROTHKO - (1903-1970).
• MARTIN KLIPPENBERGER - (1953-1997).
• MARY CASSATT - (1844-1926).
• 
• Masaccio - (1401-1428).
• MASSIMO CAMPIGLI - (1895-1971).
• MASTER HUGO - (fl. c.1130-c.1150).
• MATHIAS KAUAGE - (1944-2003).
• MATHURIN MÉHEUT - (1882-1958).
• 
• MATTHIAS GRÜNEWALD - (c. 1470-1528). Most famous work: Isenheim Altarpiece (1506-1515).
• Maurice de Vlaminck - (1876-1958).
• Maurice Denis - (1870-1943).
• Maurice Utrillo - (1883-1955).
• Max Beckmann - (1884-1950).
• 
• MAX ERNST - (1891-1976).
• Max Liebermann - (1847-1935).
• Max Oppenheimer - (1885-1954).
• MAX PECHSTEIN - (1881-1955).
• Maxfield Parrish - (1870-1966).
• 
• Michael Ancher - (1849-1927). Danish realist artist. He is remembered above all for his paintings of fishermen and other scenes from the Danish fishing community in Skagen.
• 
• MICHELANGELO - (1475-1564). His painting on the Sixtine Chapel ceiling (1508-1512) is considered the third most important painting in the world.
• Michele Felice CornÈ - (1752-1845).
• MihÁly MunkÁcsy - (1844-1900).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- N -

• 
• Nicolas de LargilliÈre - (1656-1746).
• NICHOLAS HILLIARD - (c. 1547-1619).
• Nicola Pisano - (c. 1220/1225 - c. 1284). Was an Italian sculptor whose work is noted for its classical Roman sculptural style. Pisano is sometimes considered to be the founder of modern sculpture.
• 
• NICOLAS POUSSIN - (1594-1665).
• NICOLAS TOURNIER - (1590-1639).
• Norman Rockwell - (1894-1978).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- O -

• Odilon Redon - (1840-1916). French symbolist painter, printmaker, draughtsman & pastellist.
• Oskar Kokoschka - (1886-1980).
• 
• OSKAR SCHLEMMER - (1888-1943).
• Ossip Zadkine - (1890-1967).
• OTTO DIX - (1891-1969).
• Otto Freundlich - (1878-1943).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- P -

• 
• PABLO PICASSO - (1881-1973). World's most expensive Picasso painting - and the world's most expensive piece of art ever sold - Les femmes d’Alger, Version O (1955) sold by Christie's, New York on May 11, 2015 for US$179,365,000.
• PALMA VECCHIO - (c. 1480-1528).
• 
• PAOLO UCCELLO - (1397-1475).
• PAOLO VERONESE - (1528-1588).
• Paris Bordone - (1500-1571).
• 
• Patrick Caulfield - (1936-2005).
• 
• PAUL CÉZANNE - (1839-1906). His painting of 1892, The Card Players, was reportedly sold for £160 million (over $250 million) to the ruling family of Qatar in a private sale in 2011, making it the most expensive piece of artwork ever sold.
• PAUL DELVAUX - (1897-1994).
• 
• PAUL GAUGUIN - (1848-1903). Paul Gauguin Painting Sells for Record $300 Million to Qatar Museums in Private Sale.
• PAUL KLEE - (1879-1940).
• PAUL NASH - (1889-1946).
• PAUL SIGNAC - (1863-1935).
• Paula Modersohn-Becker - (1876-1907).
• 
• Paulus Potter - (1625-1654). Dutch painter who specialized in animals within landscapes, usually with a low vantage point.
• 
• PEDER SEVERIN KRØYER - (1851-1901). Danish painter. He is one of the best known and beloved, and the most colorful of the Skagen Painters.
• PETER LELY - (1618-1680).
• PETER PAUL RUBENS - (1577-1640).
• PHIDIAS - (c. 480 BC – 430 BC).
• PHILIPPE DE CHAMPAIGNE - (1602-1674).
• 
• PIERO DELLA FRANCESCA - (1415-1492).
• Piero di Cosimo - (1462-1522).
• 
• PIERO MANZONI - (1933-1963). Famous for his Artist's shit (1961) cans made in a limited edition of 99 in 1961.
• Pierre-Antoine Mongin - (1761-1827).
• PIERRE BONNARD - (1867-1947).
• Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes - (1750-1819).
• Pierre Puvis de Chavannes - (1824-1898).
• 
• PIET MONDRIAN - (1872-1944).
• PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER - (c. 1525-1569).
• Pieter de Hooch - (1629-1684).
• Pieter Jansz van Asch - (1603-1678).
• 
• Pieter Saenredam - (1597-1665). Painter of the Dutch Golden Age, known for his distinctive paintings of whitewashed church interiors.
• Pietro Cavallini - (1259 – c. 1330).
• Pietro da Cortona - (1596/97-1669).
• Pietro Longhi - (c. 1701/1702–1785).
• PIETRO PERUGINO - (c. 1446/1450–1523).
• PISANELLO - (c. 1395 – probably 1455).
• Pontormo - (1494-1557).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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• QI BAISHI - (1864-1957).
• Quentin Matsys - (1466-1529).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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• RAOUL DUFY - (1877-1953).
• 
• RAPHAEL - (1483-1520).
• AI Detects Mysterious Detail Hidden in Famous Raphael Masterpiece - "Artificial intelligence (AI) can be trained to see details in images that escape the human eye. Now an AI neural network has identified something unusual about a face in a Raphael painting: It wasn't actually painted by Raphael."
• 
• REMBRANDT - (1606-1669). His painting The Night Watch (1642) is considered the world's fourth most important painting.
• A painting valued at $15,000 turned out to be by Rembrandt. Now it has sold for almost $14 million - "'Adoration of the Kings' had been virtually unseen since the 1950s, when it first came to light. It was acquired by collector J.C.H. Heldring in Amsterdam in 1955. His widow sold it to a German family in 1985, where it remained until it was sold by Christie’s in Amsterdam two years ago."
• Conservators Uncover Marvelous Drawings Beneath Rembrandt’s ‘Night Watch,’ Revealing Changes He Made Along the Way - "An extended restoration project has also revealed some significant damage to the painting." artnet.
• Hidden layer discovered in famous Rembrandt painting solves decades-old mystery - "When conservators used X-rays to peer below the varnish and paint of “The Night Watch,” they discovered something unexpected under its surface: a layer that was full of lead."
• Most detailed ever photograph of the night watch - "The Rijksmuseum is publishing the largest and most detailed ever photograph of The Night Watch on its website, making it possible to zoom in on individual brushstrokes and even particles of pigment in the painting. The Rijksmuseum’s imaging team made this photograph of The Night Watch from a total of 528 exposures. The 24 rows of 22 pictures were stitched together digitally with the aid of neural networks. The final image is made up of 44.8 gigapixels (44,804,687,500 pixels), and the distance between each pixel is 20 micrometres (0.02 mm). This enables the scientists to study the painting in detail remotely. The image will also be used to accurately track any future ageing processes taking place in the painting."
• Night Watch comes in: research into Rembrandt reports - "After more than 25 different scanning methods, two and a half years and a team of researchers working despite coronavirus behind a glass box, Operation Night Watch has reported its findings. The Rijksmuseum has announced that its unprecedented research effort into Rembrandt’s Night Watch has shed important light on how Rembrandt worked, damage to the painting over the years, and how to restore it."
• Rembrandt’s Night Watch uncropped by AI 300 years after it was trimmed - "A marriage of art and artificial intelligence has enabled Amsterdam’s Rijksmuseum to recreate parts of the iconic 'Night Watch' painting that were snipped off 70 years after Rembrandt finished it."
• Rembrandt’s ‘The Night Watch’ is being restored & the public are invited to watch - "After five years of exhaustive research, a team of eight restorers are starting a grand preservation project on Rembrandt’s 1642 masterpiece, ‘The Night Watch’ at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam."
• 
• 
• RENÉ MAGRITTE - (1898-1967).
• RenÉ Magritte’s ‘L’empire des lumiÈres’ sells for record $121 million - "As one of the largest paintings in a succession of 27 works all titled ‘L’empire des lumières’('The Empire of Light'), the 1954 canvas is well known among 20th century art experts for its scale, pristine condition and subtle details."
• Richard Diebenkorn - (1922-1993).
• RICHARD PARKES BONINGTON - (1802-1828).
• ROBERT CAMPIN - (c. 1375-1444).
• Robert Delaunay - (1885-1941).
• Robert Motherwell - (1915-1991).
• ROBERT RAUSCHENBERG - (1925-2008).
• Robert Smithson - (1938-1973).
• Roger Fry - (1866-1934).
• 
• Rogier van der Weyden - (1399/1400-1464).
• Romeyn de Hooghe - (1645-1708). Was an important and prolific late Dutch Baroque, painter, sculptor, engraver and caricaturist.
• Rosa Bonheur - (1822-1899).
• ROY LICHTENSTEIN - (1923-1997).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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• 
• SALVADOR DALÍ - (1904-1989).
• Samuel Palmer - (1805-1881).
• 
• SANDRO BOTTICELLI - (c. 1445-1510).
• Sassoferrato - (1609-1685).
• Sebastiano Ricci - (1659-1734).
• Serge Poliakoff - (1906-1969).
• SOL LEWITT - (1928-2007).
• Stefano di Giovanni - (c. 1392–1450 or 1451).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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• Tadeusz Styka - (1889-1954).
• ThÉodore GÉricault - (1791-1824).
• Thomas Eakins - (1844-1916).
• 
• THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH - (1727-1788).
• Thomas Hill - (1829-1908).
• THOMAS KINKADE - (1958-2012).
• 
• THOMAS LAWRENCE - (1769-1830). Leading English portrait painter.
• 
• Thomas Phillips - (1770-1845). Was a leading English portrait and subject painter. He painted many of the great men of the day including scientists, artists, writers, poets and explorers.
• 
• Tilman Riemenschneider - (c. 1460-1531).
• TINTORETTO | JACOPO COMIN - (1518-1594).
• 
• TITIAN - (c. 1488/1490-1576).
• TOM WESSELMANN - (1931-2004).
• Tsuguharu Foujita - (1886-1968).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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• Utagawa Kuniyoshi - (1798-1851). One of the last great masters of the Japanese ukiyo-e style of woodblock prints and painting. The range of Kuniyoshi's subjects included many genres: landscapes, beautiful women, Kabuki actors, cats, and mythical animals. He is known for depictions of the battles of legendary samurai heroes.
• 
• Utamaro - (c. 1753–1806). Japanese artist. He is one of the most highly regarded designers of ukiyo-e woodblock prints and paintings, and is best known for his Bijin-ga ōkubi-e 'large-headed pictures of beautiful women' of the 1790s.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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• VASILY POLENOV - (1844-1927).
• 
• Vermeer - (1632-1675).
• 5 hidden symbols in Vermeer's paintings - "A major new Vermeer exhibition at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam displays the artist's evocative and serene paintings of daily life - but they harbour secret, symbolic messages, writes Matthew Wilson."
• Vermeer: Largest ever collection of Vermeer paintings unveiled in blockbuster show - "For the next four months, Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum is playing host to the biggest Vermeer exhibition of this, or any other, lifetime." 10 February - 4 June 2023.
• Victor Vasarely - (1906-1997).
• Vilhelm HammershØi - (1864-1916). Danish painter. He is known for his poetic, subdued portraits and interiors. Hammershøi's melancholic vision has now regained its place in the public consciousness. He is now one of the best-known artists in Scandinavia, and comprehensive retrospectives of his work have been organized by the Musée d'Orsay in Paris and the Guggenheim Museum in New York. In 2008, the Royal Academy of London hosted the first major exhibition in Britain of Hammershøi's work, Vilhelm Hammershøi: The Poetry of Silence. Hammershøi's only painting on constant display in Britain is 'Interior' in the National Gallery.
• Vilhelm HammershØi’s 'Interior. The Music Room, Strandgade 30' - "Sold on May 16, 2023 for US$9,124,350 at Sotheby's New York City."
• 
• VINCENT VAN GOGH - (1853-1890).
• Vincent van Gogh: Dream of Talking to Vincent van Gogh? A.I. Tries to Resurrect the Artist - "Can doppelgängers of the Dutch painter help museums generate new interest and income? A.I. Vincent fields our questions (and makes some mistakes)."
• 
• Vigilius Eriksen - (1722-1782). Danish painter. He was the royal portraitist to Christian VI of Denmark.
• 
• VITTORE CARPACCIO - (c. 1460-1525/1526). Venetian painter of the Venetian school, who studied under Gentile Bellini. He is best known for a cycle of nine paintings, The Legend of Saint Ursula.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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• Walter Sickert - (1860-1942).
• Wang Meng - (c. 1308 – 1385).
• 
• WASSILY KANDINSKY - (1866-1944).
• WENZEL HOLLAR - (1607-1677).
• Wifredo Lam - (1902-1982).
• WILHELM HAMMERSHØI - (1864-1916).
• WILLEM DE KOONING - (1904-1997).
• Willem van de Velde the Younger - (1633-1707).
• William Baziotes - (1912-1963).
• William-Adolphe Bouguereau - (1825-1905).
• WILLIAM DOBSON - (1611-1646).
• 
• WILLIAM HODGES - (1744-1797).
• WILLIAM HOGARTH - (1697-1764).
• WILLIAM HOLMAN HUNT - (1827-1910).
• WILLIAM MERRITT CHASE - (1849-1916).
• William Orpen - (1878-1931).
• 
• WILLIAM PAYNE - (1760-1830). Invented the tint Payne's grey.
• WINSLOW HOMER - (1836-1910).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- X -

• XU BEIHONG - (1895-1953).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- Y -

• YVES KLEIN - (1928-1962).